Kilimo Bora cha Nyanya, Lima Kitaalamu na Kibiashara

Habari ndugu msomaji wetu wa blog, Natumaini unaendelea vyema. Leo tutaanza kujifunza kilimo cha bora cha nyanya, na tutaanza kufahamu vitu vya msingi kwanza, na natumaini ukimaliza mfululizo wa makala hizi utakua mkulima hodari wa nyanya. Kila kitu lazima kiwe na msingi imara, karibu tujifunze wote:

Utangulizi:

Nyanya ni zao la mboga ambalo hulimwa sehemu nyingi duniani kwa ajili ya matumizi ya nyumbani na pia kama zao la biashara. Inahisiwa kuwa asili ya nyanya ni nchi ya Peru/Equador huko Amerika ya Kusini. Mmea huu ulianza kuzalishwa kama zao katika nchi ya Mexico na baadaye kusambaa katika nchi nyingine za ulimwengu.

Uzalishaji wa nyanya duniani na hapa Tanzania

Nchi zinazolima nyanya kwa wingi duniani ni pamoja na USA, Italia na Mexico. Kwa upande wa Africa nchi zinazo lima ni kama; Malawi, Zambia na Botswana.

Zao hili hulimwa pia katika nchi za Africa Mashariki, ikiwemo Kenya, uganda na Tanzania.

Zao la nyanya linalimwa karibu maeneo yote ya Tanzania. Uzalishaji wa nyanya ni mkubwa kuliko mazao mengine ya mbogamboga yanayolimwa hapa Tanzania, uzalishaji wa nyanya kwa mwaka ni jumla ya tani 129,578 ikiwakilisha asalimia 51 ya mazao yote ya mboga. Kwa mujibu wa Wizara ya kilimo ya Tanzania maeneo yanalolima sana nyanya ni pamoja na Mkoa wa Kilimanjaro (Hai, Moshi na Rombo), Arusha (Arumeru), Morogoro (Mgeta), Tanga (Lushoto), Mbeya (Mbeya vijijini) na Singida. Morogoro ndiyo inayoongoza kwa kilimo hichi ikiwa na wazalishaji wenye zaidi ya hekta 6,159 (ekari 15,398). Pamoja na kwamba eneo la uzalishaji linaongezeka kwenye maeneo mengi lakini uzalishaji wa nyanya bado ni mdogo sana.

Uzalishaji mdogo unasababishwa na kupungua kwa rutuba ya ardhi, upepo, joto, ukame. Sababu nyingine ni pamoja na ukosefu wa aina za nyanya zenye mavuno mengi amabazo zinahimili mazingira ya kwetu, wadudu, magonjwa na magugu.

Mazingira

Hali ya Hewa:

Nyanya hustawi vizuri zaidi kwenye mazingira ya joto la wastani kuanzia nyuzi joto 18-27 sentigreti. Mvua nyingi husababisha mlipuko wa magonjwa ya ukungu kama vile Baka jani chelewa n.k.)

Udongo:

Nyanya hustawi kwenye aina zote za udongo kuanzia udongo wa kichanga, mweupe wa tifutifu hadi udongo wa mfinyanzi, ili mradi uwe na mboji ya kutosha na usiosimamisha/tuamisha maji. Pia uwe na uchachu wa wastani yaani pH 6.0 - 7.0.

Aina za Nyanya

Kotokana na uchavushaji, nyanya zinagawanyika makundi mawaili:

1. OPV (Open Pollinated Variety) - Aina za kawaida. Mfano Tanya, Mwanga, Onyx n.k

2. Hybrid – Chotara: Hizi ni aina zenye mavuno, mengi, zilizoboreshwa zaidi. kati ya hizo zipo aina fupi,za kati na ndefu. Mfano Victory F1, Anna F1, Kipato F1, Monica F1, Kilele F1 n.k

Kutokana na tabia ya ukuaji, nyanya zinagawanyika katika makundi matatu:

1. Aina fupi (determinate) kwa mfano Tanya, Cal J, Mwanga, Onyx, Roma VF n.k. Hizi huweza kuvunwa mara 2 hadi 3.

2. Saizi ya Kati. – Hizi ni zile nyanya ndefu kaisi (sio ndefu sana), kitaalamu zinaitwa semi determinate varieties. Mfano wa nyanya aina hii ni Kipato F1. Aina hizi unaweza kuvuna mivuno 3 hadi 5

3. Aina ndefu ( intermediate) kwa mfano ANNA F1, Victory F1, Tebgeru 97. Aina hizi hufanya vizuri zaidi zinapopandwa ndani ya greenhouse. Uvunaji wake ni wa muda mrefu, kuanzia mivuno 5 na kuendelea, zipo ambazo zinavunwa hata zaidi ya miezi 6, yaani hiyo miezi 6 ni ya uvunaji tu.

Katika karne hii ya 21, nyanya zinazopendelewa kulimwa zaidi na wakulima, ni zile zinazoweza kuvumilia magonjwa, zinazo zaa sana, na zenye ganda gumu ili kufanikisha usafirishaji, na kuhifadhika kwa siku nyingi bila kuharibika mapema.

Kuandaa Kitalu cha Nyanya

Mambo muhimu ya kuzingatia:

• Kitalu kiwe karibu na maji ya kutosha na ya kudumu

• Kiwe sehemu iliyowazi na yenye udongo ulio na rutuba ya kutosha

• Eneo la kitalu kama ni kubwa liwe tambarare au na mwiinuko kidogo ili kuepuka maji yasituame kwenye kitalu, mtelemko ukiwa mkali sana nao sio mzuri kwani husababisha mmomonyoko wa udongo.

• Kitalu kiwe sehemu ambayo haikuwa na zao la nyanya au viazi mviringo (au mazao ya jamii ya nyanya k.m. mnavu, biringanya n.k.)

• Kiwe sehemu ambayo ni rahisi kupata huduma zote muhimu kwa urahisi, ikiwa ni pamoja na uhamishaji wa miche kwenda sehemu nyingine. Pia kurahisisha usambazaji wa miche kwenda sehemu nyingine.

Kuandaa Matuta ya Kusia Mbegu za Nyanya

Aina ya matuta:

– matuta ya makingo (sunken seed bed)

– matuta ya kunyanyulia udongo (raised seed bed)

– matuta ya kawaida (flat seed beds)

Mambo Muhimu ya Kuzingatia wakati wa Kuandaa Matuta

• Tuta liwe na upana kati ya sentimita 90-120, na urefu wowote, [ili mradi muhudumu anaweza kutoa huduma nyingine zote kitaluni bila kukanyaga miche].

• Kwatua/lima kina kirefu cha kutosha kiasi cha sentimita 15-20 ili mizizi iweze kusambaa vizuri ardhini.

• Choma takataka juu ya kitalu, au funika tuta kwa nailoni, majuma 4-8 ili kuua vimelea vya magonjwa na wadudu.

• Wakati wa kuandaa, kitalu, ongeza mbolea aina ya samadi/vunde au mboji kwenye udongo kisha kwatua ili ichanganyike vizuri na udongo.

• Changanya kiasi cha debe 1 hadi 2 kila baada ya mita moja (hatua moja) mraba.

• Tuta lisiwe na mabonde mabonde au mawe mawe ambayo yanaweza kuzuia usambaaji mzuri wa mbegu kwenye tuta, lisawazishwe vizuri ili kuhakikisha usambazaji mzuri wa mbegu na kuepuka mbegu kufukiwa chini mno kiasi ambacho hazitaota.

Faida na Hasara za Matuta yaliyotajwa hapo juu

1. Matuta ya kunyanyulia udongo (raised seed beds);

Faida:

– matuta ya namna hii huruhusu maji, hewa na mizizi kupenya kwenye udongo kwa urahisi zaidi.

– Mazao ya mizizi hupata nafasi ya kutosha kutanuka haraka zaidi

– Matuta haya hayatuamishi maji kama mengine, hivyo hutumika zaidi kwenye maeneo yanayokuwa na mvua mara kwa mara.

Hasara:

- Matuta ya namna hii yana sababisha sana mmomonyoko wa udongo kama hayakutengenezwa vizuri.

2. Matuta ya makingo (sunken seed beds):

Faida:

· matuta haya ni rahisi kutengeneza

· hutumika wakati wa kiangazi ili kuhifadhi maji na unyevu

· nyevu mdogo unaopatikana ardhini

· ni rahisi kumwagilia kwa kutumia maji ya mfereji au bomba

· huhifadhi unyevu nyevu kwenye ardhi kwa muda mrefu

· huzuia mmomonyoka wa ardhi

Hasara:

· Matuta ya aina hii hayawezi kutumika kwenye maeneo yenye mvua nyingi.

3. Matuta ya kawaida (flat seed beds):

Faida:

· ni rahisi sana kutengeneza kwani udongo ukisha kwatuliwa

· na kusambazwa mbegu huoteshwa

· ni rahisi kutumia eneo kubwa kuotesha mbegu

Hasara:

Matuta ya aina hii hayawezi kutumika kwenye maeneo yenye mvua nyingi.

Kusia Mbegu

• Hakikisha ubora na uotaji wa mbegu kabla ya kuzipanda kitaluni (germination test)

• Weka mistari kwenye tuta kulingana na ukubwa wa tuta, lakini mistari isiwe chini au zaidi ya sentimita 15-20 toka mstari hadi mstari

• Kina cha mistari kisiwe cha kutisha bali kiwe kati ya sentimita 1-2

• Matuta yapate maji ya kutosha siku moja kabla ya kusia mbegu. Ni vizuri kutumia chombo cha kumwagilia (watering can).

• Mbegu ziatikwe kwenye mistari na zisambazwe vizuri ili kufanikisha usambaaji mzuri wa mbegu kwenye tuta. Changanya mchanga laini na mbegu kisha sambaza kwenye mistari iliyoandaliwa kwenye tuta.

Mbegu zinaweza pia kuatikwa kwenye tuta bila mistari, lakini zisambazwe kwa uwiano mzuri kwenye tuta ili kupunguza msongamano. Msongamano husabisha magonjwa ya fangasi kama vile kinyausi (damping off) au ukungu (blight).

• Weka matandazo kiasi cha kutosha ambacho hakitazuia kuota kwa mbegu.

• Mara baada ya kuatika mbegu, mwagilia maji kiasi cha kutosha kulingana na unyevu nyevu ulioko ardhini

Mambo ya Kuzingatia baada ya kusia mbegu pamoja na Matunzo Kitaluni

• Mwagilia maji kwenye kitalu baada ya kuotesha kulingana na unyevu nyevu uliopo kwenye udongo.

• Miche yote ikisha ota, ondoa matandazo, kisha weka chanja ili kupunguza mionzi ya jua ambayo inaweza kuunguza miche michanga. (kipindi cha baridi si muhimu sana)

• Punguzia miche (thinning) ili ibakie kwenye nafasi ya kutosha. Hivyo miche ibakie kwenye umbali wa sentimita 2.5 - 4. Hii itapunguza magonjwa ya ulemavu na mnyauko, pia itasaidia kupata miche bora na yenye nguvu.

• Endelea kumwagilia hadi miche ifikie kimo kinachofaa kuhamishia shambani.

• Punguza kiwango cha umwagiliaji maji, siku chache kabla ya kuhamishia miche shambani, yaani siku 7-10.

Maandalizi ya Shamba la Nyanya

• Shamba la nyanya liandaliwe mwezi 1-2 kabla ya kupanda miche.

• Mara baada ya kulima choma nyasi juu ya udongo au ondoa magugu yote yanayoweza kuhifadhi wadudu na magonjwa ya nyanya.

• Siku moja au mbili kabla ya kuhamishia nyanya shambani, mwagilia sehemu iliyoandaliwa kwa ajili ya kuhamishia nyanya.

• Nafasi kati ya mche hadi mche ni wastani wa sentimita (50-60) x (50-75) kutegemeana na aina au hali ya hewa. Kama ni kipindi cha baridi ni vyema nyanya zikapandwa mbalimbali ili kuruhusu mzungungo wa hewa na kuzuia magonjwa ya fangasi.

Kanuni na Mbinu za kuhamisha miche toka Kitaluni kwenda shambani (Transplanting Rules)

• Mwagilia miche masaa machache kabla ya kuhamishia miche shambani ili wakati wa kung’oa miche mizizi ishikamane vizuri na udongo.

• Kabla ya kuhamisha miche, mashimo yawe yamekwisha andaliwa katika nafasi zinazo stahili huko shambani.

• Miche ihamishwe wakati wa jioni ili kuepuka madhara yanayoweza kusababishwa na jua.

• Kwa ujumla karibu mazao yote ya mboga mboga huwa tayari kuhamishiwa shambani yakiwa na majani kamili kati ya 2-6 pamoja na mizizi mingi iliyostawi vizuri.

• Mche lazima uwe na afya nzuri, uwe umenyooka vizuri, hivyo miche yote iliyonyongea au myembamba kupita kiasi isichukuliwe wakati wa kupeleka shambani.

• Ng’oa miche kwa uangalifu hasa pamoja na udongo wake kwa kutumia vifaa husika ili mizizi isidhurike.

• Miche ihamishiwe shambani mapema mara baada ya kung’olewa toka kitaluni.

• Wakati wa kuhamisha miche, uangalifu mkubwa utumike ili kutoharibu miche/mizizi.

Jinsi ya kupanda miche:

• Hamisha miche toka kitaluni pamoja na udongo wake

• Sambaza mizizi vizuri kwenye shimo bila kukunja.

• Fukia miche kina kile kile ambacho shina lilikuwa limefukiwa bustanini.

• Mwagilia maji ya kutosha kulingana na unyevunyevu uliopo kwenye udongo kasha weka matandazo na kivuli ili kupunguza uharibifu unaosababishwa na mionzi ya jua.

Mambo muhimu ya kuzingatia baada ya kuhamishia Miche Shambani

• Kagua shamba mara kwa mara ili kujua maendeleo au matatizo yaliyoko shambani mapema

• Hakikisha shamba ni safi wakati wote, palilia shamba na hakikisha magugu yote hasa yale ya jamii ya nyanya yamelimiwa chini.

• Ondoa mimea iliyoshambuliwa na magonjwa au ondoa sehemu zilizoshambuliwa, kisha zifukiwe chini au kuunguza moto.

• Punguza matawi na vikonyo ili kuongeza mwanga wa kutosha kwenye nyanya pamoja na kuruhusu mzunguko wa kutosha wa upepo na kusababisha mazingira magumu ya wadudu maadui kwenye nyanya, hasa wale wanaopenda kiza na magonjwa yanayopendelea unyevunyevu.

Utunzaji wa shamba la nyanya:

1. Uwekaji wa matandazo (Mulching)

Matandazo yanasaidia kufunika ardhi ili kutunza unyevunyevu, kuzuia magugu, pia matandazo yanasaidia kuzuia matunda ya nyanya yasigusane na udongo ambapo yanaweza kuoza. Matandazo yanaweza kua ya aina mbalimbali, kama vile majani makavu, nyasi au hata maranda yanayatokana na miti wakati wa upasuaji mbao (sawdust). Matandazo ya aina hii ni mzuri zaidi ya yale ya plastiki ambayo sio rahisi kuoza. Matandazo ya nyasi, maranda au majani yakioza yanakua mbolea nzuri na kurutubisha ardhi. Uwekaji wa matandazo una ufanisi kwenye kilimo cha eneo dogo, ila kwa maeneo makubwa, upatikanaji wa matandazo unakawa ni changamoto.

2. Kusimika miti ya kufungia mmea (Staking)

Uwekaji wa miti/mambo kwa ajili ya kusaidia mmea wa nyanya, kunasaidia nyanya zisianguke au kutambaa kwenye udongo kitu ambacho kinaweza kusababisha madhara kama magonjwa. Miti inapaswa kuwekwa wiki 2 hadi 3 baada ya upandikizaji wa miche.

Uwekaji wa miti unasaidia ukuaji wa nyanya na hivyo kupelekea kuzaa zaidi. Kwa aina ndefu za nyanya uwekaji miti hauepukiki ni lazima uweke miti ya kueleweka ambayo itaruhusu ukuaji mzuri, pia miti lazima iwe imara ili kuweza kustahimili mzigo wa nyanya pindi nyanya itakapokua imezaa vizuri. Kwa nyanya fupi (determinate) na saizi ya kati (semi determinate kwa mfano kipato F1) Tumia fito ndefu (mt 1.5) na nene (cm 4-5) pamoja na kamba ngumu hasa za katani au kudu. 

Kwa nyanya ndefu ( indeterminate mfano victory F1, Anna F1) ni bora zaidi utumie nguzo nene/milunda urefu Mt 2.5 unene sm 10-12 pamoja na waya na kamba nzuri za kudu ( zitatengeneza umbo kama la njia ya umeme). zoezi lifanyike kabla ya mimea kuanza kuweka maua

3. Umwagiliaji

Nyanya hazivumilii ukame. Mavuno yanapungua kwa kiwango kikubwa endapo nyanya zitakosa maji. Ni muhimu kumwagilia mara kwa mara, hasa kama nyanya unalima kipindi cha kiangazi ambapo hakuna mvua. Kiwango cha maji ya umwagiliaji kinategemea aina ya udongo pamoja na hali ya hewa. Udongo wa mfinyazi umwagiliaji ufanyike mara 2 mpaka mara 3 kwa wiki. Udongo wa tifutifu na Kichanga, umwagiliaji ni Mara moja kwa siku. Umwagiliaji ufanyike asubuhi kwa maana mchana mmea ndio unahitaji maji. Zingatio Muhimu: Umwagiliaji ufanyike kutegemeana na Unyevunyevu wa udongo - Kama udongo una unyevunyevu wa kutosha, hakuna haja ya kumwagilia.

4. Udhibiti wa magugu (Palizi)

Palizi inapaswa kufanyika wiki 2 au 3 baada ya upandikizaji, ila pia inategemea na uotaji wa magugu katika eneo husika. Hakikisha shamba lako linakua safi bila magugu, maana magugu huvutia na kuficha wadudu na magonjwa. Magugu pia yana uwezo mkubwa wa kutumia virutubisho vilivyomo ardhini kuliko mazao, ndio maana magugu yanakua haraka kuliko mazao shambani. Hivyo hakikisha unafanya palizi mara 3 au 4 kulingana na kasi ya uotaji magugu.

5. Uwekaji wa mbolea

Mbolea ya kupandia huwekwa wakati wa kupandikiza, unaweka 5g kwenye shimo moja (gramu 5 ni sawa na kifuniko cha soda kimoja). Mbolea ya kupandia unaweza kutumia DAP, MAP, Minjingu n.k. Mbolea ya kukuzia unaweka wiki 2 au 3 baada ya kupandikiza. Ni vizuri mbolea inapowekwa shamba liwe safi, liwe halina magugu, kama kuna magugu fanya palizi kwanza. Mbolea ya kukuzia unaweza kutumia Urea, NPK n.k

6. Uvunaji na Utunzaji wa nyanya baada ya kuvuna

Nyanya ina maisha mafupi baada ya kuvunwa, ni rahisi kuharibika maana sehemu kubwa ya nyanya ni maji. Upotevu wa mavuno baada ya kuvuna inakadiriwa kua asilimia 5 hadi 50.

Upotevu wa mazao baada ya kuvunwa husababishwa hasa na utunzaji duni wa mazao hayo, njia duni za usafirishaji, pamoja na kuchelewa kuvuna. Kupunguza upotevu unashauriwa kuvuna kwa wakati nyanya zako. Maana nyanya zilizoiva sana, ni rahisi kuharibika wakati wa uvunaji na hata wakati wa kusafirisha maana ganda lake la nje linakua ni laini. Kama soko lako liko mbali vuna nyanya zikiwa ndio zimeanza kuonyesha dalili ya kuiva maana wakati huo nyanya inakua na ganda gumu hivyo kuweza kuvumilia mikikimikiki ya usafirishaji. Lakini pia nyanya itaweza kukaa muda mrefu zaidi bila kuharibika ikilinganishwa na ile iliyovunwa ikiwa imeiva sana. Ila pia zipo aina za nyanya zinazokaa muda mrefu wa hadi wiki 3 bila kuharibika kama zikitunzwa vizuri.

Wakati wa usafirishaji hakikisha unaweka nyanya kwenye vifungashio imara kama kreti ama boksi. Ukiweka kwenye mifuko ni rahisi nyanya kupondeka kutokana na mtikisiko pindi zisafirishwapo hasa kama barabara zenyewe ni za vijijini.

Masoko ya nyanya:

Kuna aina kadhaa za masoko ambapo nyanya zinaweza kuuzwa.

1. Kuna masoko yasiyo raami au masoko ya kawaida (informal markets) kama Kilombero, Arusha, Kariakoo Dar, soko kuu Morogoro, Buhongwa, Mwanza, na masoko mengine kama hayo yaliyotapakaa nchi nzima. Changamoto ya masoko haya unapitia msururu wa madalali, kila mmoja anataka naye apate. Masoko haya ndiyo yanatumia asilimia kubwa ya nyanya zinazozalishwa. Inakadiriwa kwamba zaidi ya Asilimia 80 ya nyanya zinazozalishwa zinauzwa kwenye masoko hayo.

2. Masoko ya kitaasisi (institutional markets) kama supa markets, mahotelini, hospitali, mashule n.k, Unaweza Kutafuta tenda za kupeleka (supply) nyanya kwenye masoko haya. Mfano kama kuna mahoteli unaweza kuyatembelea na kujua wanahitaji nyanya za aina gani, kiasi gani kwa siku au kwa wiki, wanapata wapi nyanya n.k. Kisha ukazalisha kulingana na mahitaji yao ikiwa mtakubaliana. Wapo wakulima wanaohudumia hayo masoko kwa mikataba au kwa kutokua na mikataba.

3. Masoko ya kiviwanda (Industrial markets) kama vile Darsh Industries maarufu kama REDGOLD ambao wako arusha , wao wanazalisha bidhaa nyingi zinazotokana na nyanya kama Tomato Sauce. Pia kipo kiwanda kinaitwa IVORI Iringa kinachotumia nyanya kama malighafi n.k

4. Masoko ya nje.

Aina hizo tatu za mwisho zinahitaji ubora wa hali ya juu, ndio maana wachache ndio wanaofaulu kuuza kwenye masoko hayo. Mfano masoko ya nje bidhaa yako lazima ikidhi vigezo vya kimataifa au vya nchi husika. 

Bei za nyanya:

Bei za nyanya zinategemeana na misimu na aina ya soko. Kwenye masoko haya kawaida Bei ya nyanya mara nyingi inakua kubwa kuanzia mwezi Oktoba hadi mwezi Machi au hata Aprili. Kipindi cha kuanzia mwezi December uzalishaji unakua ni mdogo maana watu wachache ndio wanazalisha, maana kipindi hicho changamoto ni nyingi, kwanza maji ya umwagiliaji yanakua ni tatizo maana wazalishaji wengi wanategemea mvua. Hivyo wale wachache walioko kwenye vyanzo vya maji ndio wanaozalisha. Lakini pia kipindi hicho kuna changamoto kubwa ya wadudu na magonjwa, hii hupelekea mavuno kua madogo na gharama za utunzaji nazo ni kubwa. Kipindi hichi bei ya nyanya shambani ni Shs. 6,000 hadi 12,000 kwa ndoo ya lita 20. Bei ya sokoni hua ni Shilingi 9,000 hadi 25,000 kwa ujazo wa ndoo ya lita 20.

Msimu wa mwezi wa Aprili hadi Septemba bei ya nyanya inakua chini, maana uzalishaji ni mkubwa, maeneo mengi hali ya hewa ni nzuri kwa uzalishaji. Kipindi hichi bei ya nyanya ni 2,000 hadi 5,000 kwa ndoo ya lita 20.

Kwa mujibu wa TAHA, Bei ya Nyanya katika masoko mbalimbali kwa Leo Tarehe 13.12.2016 ni kama ifuatavyo:

Makambako: 25,000TSh./Kreti40Kg

Soweto: 30,000TSh./Tenga40Kg

Lushoto: 20,000TSh./Tenga40Kg

Arusha: 28,000TSh./Tenga40Kg

Kirumba: 20,000TSh./Kreti40Kg

Kongowea Kenya: 21,300TSh./Kreti40Kg

Kariakoo: 20,000TSh./Kreti40Kg

Morogoro: 30,000TSh./Tenga40Kg

Mwanakwerekwe ZnZ: 45,000TSh./Kreti40Kg

Dodoma: 60,000TSh./Tenga40Kg

Mombasa ZnZ: 50,000TSh./Kreti40Kg

Mtwara: 30,000TSh./Tenga40Kg

Hiyo ndio hali ya kwenye masoko ya kawaida. Kwa upande wa masoko rasmi (viwanda, mahoteli, masoko ya nje), hakuna mabadiliko makubwa ya bei kama ilivyo kwenye masoko hayo mengine, japo mabadiliko yapo.

Hata hivyo pamoja na hayo yote, ili uweze kupenya kwenye soko na kulifaidi soko lazima uwe mbunifu. Kumbuka mjasiriamali haishii tu kufuata soko, bali analitengeneza soko. Lazima uwe mdadisi, ufanye kwa utofauti. Lengo la kujifunza hapa ni kukupa msingi mzuri wa kua mbunifu. Nakuachia kanuni hizi tatu za kuliteka soko: Ya kwanza kua mbunifu, ya pili kua mbunifu na kanuni ya tatu nasema kua mbunifu. (credit: KILIMO BIASHARA)

Asante sana. Tukutane wakati mwingine

LOCKABLE PONDS THE NEW WAY TO REAR FISH ( UFUGAJI ENDELEVU)

Dickson Lucheli examines fish in a lockable pond on his farm in Kakamega . PHOTO | ISAAC WALE | NATION MEDIA GROUP 

By JOHN SHILITSA

Dickson Lucheli walks to a fishpond on his farm in Kakamega County, extracts a key from his pocket and opens two padlocks in a structure.

He then lifts the cover made of wire mesh and timber to feed fish in the pond.

Lucheli is among farmers in the region who is keeping fish in lockable ponds that keep at bay predators such as snakes, tortoise, monitor lizards, birds and thieves.

His farm is in Namamali village, Kabras South and he has been keeping fish since the 1990s. His business received a boost in 2008 when the government supported fish farming through the economic stimulus programme, but predators handed him losses, frustrating his business.

He lost over Sh150,000 about two years ago when three of his ponds were raided and the fish stolen.

“I now have 12 earthen ponds on my one-and-half acres. The smallest measures 300 square metres and the biggest is 560 square metres.”

Lucheli is awaiting his first harvest from the new ponds.

A standard lockable fishpond costs Sh45,000. It is five metres long, two metres wide and one metre deep. The pond can host between 500 to 750 fish, fetching up to Sh140,000 in eight months.

The pond is made from timber, nails, a dam liner, chicken wire mesh for the cover and poles.

With the introduction of the lockable fishponds, Lucheli believes he will produce more fish to meet the demand from his customers.

“The ponds help farmers to control wastage since the feeds are not carried away by water unlike in earthen ponds whereby some feeds go to waste due to running water,” explains Kakamega County fisheries officer Jonathan Masava.

To clean the pond, it is refilled with fresh water after about a month-and-a-half.

“Fish defecate in water making it toxic. A farmer should monitor the water to ensure it does not suffocate the fish,” he says. The water is rich in nutrients, thus, good for farming.

Processing plants

West Kenya Sugar Company is educating farmers on how to use the structures. Head of agriculture Paramasivam Prabakaran says the company will help their sugarcane farmers set up a standard lockable fish pond on their farms.

Kakamega County has slightly over 8,000 fish farmers who own 12,000 fishponds. The county has a daily demand of between seven and 10 tonnes of fish, according to Masava.

“With a population of 1.9 million people, we need up to 20 million kilos a day to satisfy demand.” says Masava.

The county government, according to him, will install coolers in all sub-counties to enable farmers preserve their catch before delivering to fish processing plants.

Kenya’s total fish production stood at 193,106 tonnes last year, with at least 9,072 tonnes coming from the marine waters while aquaculture contributed 48,790 tonnes and the rest was from inland water bodies

CREDIT: NMG

Media Freedom Versus Property Rights

The basis of democracy is the participation of citizens in governance. There are several indispensable ways in which this participation occurs, such as during elections when citizens vote for leaders of their choice or when they offer themselves as candidates for leadership. 

In between elections, citizens participate in governance through public debates, petitions, protests or dialogue with their leaders. 

These modes of participation, among other democratic means, enable citizens to have a say in the decisions and actions of those they have elected to lead or represent them.

In this pursuit of truth, democratic societies have always depended on the media as an interrogator and ‘common carrier’ of information and debate (or free expression, speech and opinion as it were). 

This is what makes the media so central to democracy. However, throughout history, the media has been a target of censorship and control from authorities and others wishing to circulate only information which serves their interests and limit media access only to those who agree with their views. 

Thus, the need for media freedom arose out of the desire to allow the media to freely investigate and circulate information as well as facilitate debates and access to, and of, divergent views. In short, media freedom is firmly rooted in democracy and is, therefore, an issue of public interest. (AGENCIES)

SIMBAYABLOG

 WISH YOU A MERRY CHRISTMAS 

AND PROSPEROUS 2017

NDOA GODFREY NA ESTHER WA JIJINI MWANZA YAFANYA

Mchungaji Kiongozi wa Kanisa la Saint Nicholas Jimbo Kuu Mwanza DVN, Lazaro Manjelenga, akiwafungisha ndoa Bwana Godfrey Sinyangwe na Bibi Esther Kiluma wote wa Jijini Mwanza, hii leo. Amesaidizana na Mchungaji Msaidizi wa Kanisa hilo, Joseph Samwel.

Bwana Godfrey Sinyangwe na Bibi Esther Kiluma wakivishana pete ya ndoa

Upendo wa dhati

Bwana Godfrey Sinyangwe (kushoto) na Bibi Esther Kiluma, wakifurahia ndoa yao

Wanapendana sana

Bwana Godfrey Sinyangwe na Bibi Esther Kiluma

Ndoa na iheshimiwe na watu wote

Bwana Godfrey Sinyangwe na Bibi Esther Kiluma wakiwa ufukweni

Ndoa yetu na idumu milele

Baada ya ndoa pamoja na zoezi la kupiga picha katika ufukwe wa ziwa Victoria, shughuli usiku huu inafanyika Ukumbi wa Bugando Club.

SIMBAYABLOG inawatakia Maisha Mema.

THE GOVERNMENT ADVISED TO CREATE A NATIONAL PLATFORM FOR FOCAC ACTIVITIES

By correspondent Friday Simbaya, Iringa

The government has been advised to create a national platform for Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) development which will act as a national strategic arm for available opportunities.

The call was made yesterday by the Tanzania Grassroots Oriented Development (TAGRODE) Executive Director, Zubery Mwachulla when he was conducting a training to Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) about the opportunities and recommendations of FOCAC in the context of Tanzania held in Iringa Town.

He said that it is important for the government to establish the forum that will monitor FOCAC deliberations on the implementation of the Johannesburg Summit and the 6th Ministerial Conference of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) held in Johannesburg from 3 to 5 December 2015. 

Heads of State and Government, Heads of Delegation, the Chairperson of the African Union (AU) Commission and Ministers of Foreign Affairs and Ministers in charge of economic cooperation from China and 50 African countries (hereafter referred to as "the two sides") attended the Summit and Ministerial Conference respectively.

He said the summit has earmarked the following areas of cooperation between Africa and China in the FOCAC Action Plan 2016-2018, including Economic Cooperation, Social development cooperation, Cultural cooperation and people to people exchanges, Security cooperation and International cooperation.

Mwachulla said the national forum should include also the Non-State actors, including CSOs, can help provide on-the-ground insights and information to support and enhance the quality and implementation. 

He said the encouragement of national delegations should be cross-sectoral, as well as by enabling formal and meaningful CSOs participation in investment planning and decision-making.

He said the FOCAC process, including expanding access by international CSOs to the China-Africa People’s Forum.

The Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) was establishment in the year 2000.

Since then the forum has enhanced economic cooperation, common development and cultural exchanges between China and Africa. 

The Africa’s economies have grown considerably in the past decade, and China has contributed through FOCAC by facilitating trade, investments, aid and development into the region. 

DC KASESELA AKIMEA VITENDO VYA KUTUPA WATOTO

Mkuu wa Wilaya ya Iringa Richard Kasesela amesikitishwa na vitendo vilivyokithiri vya wanawake kutupa watoto mara baada ya kujifungua ambapo amewashauri kutumia njia za kisheria kupata haki ya matunzo ya mtoto, kwa wanaume wanaowapa mimba.

Mkuu huyo alisema hayo jana wakati akishiriki chakula pamoja na watoto yatima wanaolelewa na kituo cha daily bread life children’s home kilichopo neo la Mkinbizi Bima, Halmashauri ya Manispaa ya Iringa, mkoani Iringa.

Kutokana na hilo amewaagiza watendaji wa vijiji, mtaa na kata kushirikiana na vyombo vya ulinzi na usalama vilivyopo katika maeneo yao kuwachukulia hatua wanawake wanaotupa watoto, kwa kuwa kufanya hivyo ni kosa la jinai.

Kasesela ambaye alikuwa mgeni rasmi alitumia pia fursa ya kuwatakia wananchi wa Wilaya ya Iringa na Mkoa wa Iringa heri katika Noeli na Mwaka Mpya 2017.

Alisema kuwa, Mkoa wa Iringa ni miongoni mwa mikoa iliyokithiri kwa vitendo vingi vya ukatili dhidi ya wanawake na watoto, hivyo ameitaka jamii kuunganisha nguvu ili kupunguza vitendo hivyo ambavyo pia ni kinyume na maagizo ya mwenyezi Mungu.

Kwa upande wake, Mkurugenzi Mkuu wa ‘Daily Bread Life Tanzania’, Askofu Mpeli Mwaisumbe amewashukuru wadau mbalimbali kwa kuunga mkono huduma ya watoto pamoja na wadau kutoka nje ya Tanzania kwa uaminifu wao kutoa michango yao ili huduma ienedelee na kufika hadi leo.

Askofu Mwaisumbe alisema kuwa huduma hiyo inawasaidia watoto 244 kati yao wakiume ni 126 na wa kike ni 118 nje ya makao ya watoto, watoto hao husaidiwa vifaa vya shule na wengine huchangiwa hela ya chakula familia wanazoishi au wanazolelewa.

Alisema kuwa huduma ya “Daily Bread Life Ministries Tanzania” waliaandaa sherehe za Krismasi na chakula ili waweze kushiriki chakula cha pamoja na watoto yatima.

DC CRIES AGAINST WOMEN THROWING BABIES AFTER DELIVERY

Mkurugenzi Mkuu wa ‘Daily Bread Life Tanzania’, Askofu Mpeli Mwaisumbe (kushoto) akisoma risala mbele ya mgeni rasmi ambaye ni Mkuu wa Wilaya ya Iringa, Richard Kasesela katika sherehe za krismasi na chakula na watoto zilizofanyika jana katika kituo cha kulelea wa watoto yatima cha daily bread life childrens' home kilichopo mjini Iringa. (Picha na Friday Simbaya)

sehemu ya watoto yatima wakiwa katika shereh hiyo

Mkuu wa Wilaya ya Iringa, Richard Kasesela (katika) akiteta jambo na mmoja wa wafadhil , Geoffrey Mungai (kulia baada ya kukagua kituo cha kulelea wa watoto yatima cha 'Daily Bread Life Children's' Home katika sherehe za Krismasi na chakula na watoto zilizofankuliayika jana katika kituo hicho kilichopo mjini Iringa. (Picha na Friday Simbaya)

Iringa District Commissioner (DC), Richard Kasesela said he is disappointed by the disproportionate actions of women throwing babies immediately after delivery in which he advised to use legal means to find the right child care, men who give pregnant them. 

He said this yesterday when he was sharing a meal with orphans who are raised at the “Daily Bread Life Children's Home” based Mkinbizi Bima area, in Iringa municipality, Iringa region. 

DC has instructed village officials, local and wards’ leaders to cooperate with security organs available in their areas to take action against women who throw away children, because to do so is a criminal offense. 

Kasesela who was the guest of honor during ceremony also used the opportunity to wish the residents of the Iringa District and Region Iringa in general a blessed Christmas and New Year in 2017. 

He said that, Iringa Region is among the regions with extreme acts of violence against women and children, and he has urged the community to join forces to reduce the practice which is also contrary to God determination. 

For his part, Director General of Daily Bread Life Tanzania ', Bishop Mpeli Mwaisumbe thanked the stakeholders for supporting childcare for their loyalty to their contributions to the service until today. 

Bishop Mwaisumbe said that the service helps 244 children of whom 126 were males and females are 118 out of an orphanage, the children are helped with school supplies and food to foster families. 

He said that the Ministry of Daily Bread Life Tanzania provides the Christmas celebrations and food so that they can share food with orphans. 

Bishop Mpeli Mwaisumbe said, an orphan's Christmas is a party thrown for orphans, who do not have relations or families capable of throwing their own party. 

Christmas is a special time that should be filled with joy, traditions, family, & celebrating the birth of Jesus. 

But for orphaned children, Christmas could easily be a reminder of abuse, abandonment and a depressing time where they feel forgotten. 

“Our desire is to show them that they are not forgotten but that they are loved,” he said.

SHULE YA AZIMIO MANISPAA YA IRINGA YAANZA KUKARABATIWA MIUNDOMBINU YAKE

Na Friday Simbaya, Iringa

Mbunge wa Viti Maalum Mkoa wa Iringa Ritta Kabati (CCM) kwa kushirikiana na wadau wengine wameanza ukarabati shule ya msingi ya Azimio iliyopo katika Kata ya Mshindo Manispaa ya Iringa kutokana na uchakavu wa majengo hayo.

Akizungumza wakati wa ukaguzi wa miundombinu ya shule hiyo Mbunge Kabati alisema ni aibu kwa shule kongwe kama hiyo kuwa miundombinu mibovu kama hiii.

Kabati aliongeza kuwa shule hiyo imeharika hovyo na inahitaji msaada wa haraka kuikarabati kwa kuwa wananfunzi wanasoma katika mazingira magumu na kudunisha elimu ya wanafunzi hao.

“Hii shule imeanza sawa na siku niliyozaliwa mimi lakini ukiiangalia imechakaa na imechoka hivyo sina budi kuanza kuikarabati shule hii kwa kuwa ni aibu kwangu haiwezakani shule ikawa Manispaa ya Iringa halafu ikawa katika muundo huu,”alisema Kabati.

Aidha Kabati alisema kuwa ukarabati umeanza siku ya ijumaa ya tarehe 23.12.2016 na atahakikisha anakarabati shule yote ili iwe katika ubora unaotakiwa kama shule nyingine zilizopo Manispaa ya Iringa.

“Tuna shule bora hapa Manispaa ya Iringa, lakini hii ya Shule ya Msinggi Azimio imekuwa katika hali mbaya sana ni jukumu langu kama mbunge wa mkoa wa Iringa kutatua changamoto mbalimbali zinazoukabili mkoa wangu,”alisema Kabati.

Kwa upande wake, Mkuu wa Wilaya ya Iringa Richard Kasesela alisema haiwezekani Shule ya Azimio ikawa katika mazingira mabovu ya miundombinu kama yale hiyo hadi kufikia siku ya ijumaa atahakikisha wanaanza ukarabati shule hiyo kwa kushirikiana na wadau mbalimbali.

Naye Mkuu wa Shule ya Msingi Azimio, Wilfred Chotipembe alimshukuru Mbunge wa Viti Maalum Ritta Kabati, Mkuu wa Wilaya pamoja na wadau mbalimbali kwa kufika shuleni hapo na kuahidi kutatua changamoto zinazoikabili shule hiyo.

TUNDU LISSU AKAMATWA NA KUACHIWA NA POLISI KISA KUMWITA RAIS MAGUFULI "MTUKUFU"

Tundu Lissu, Mwanasheria Mkuu wa Chadema (katikati) akizungumza na vyombo vya habari muda mchache baada ya kutoka kuhojiwa na polisi

TUNDU Lissu, Mbunge wa Singida Mashariki kupitia Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema), ameachiwa baada ya kukamatwa na kuhojiwa Jeshi la Polisi katika Kituo Kikuu cha Kanda Maalum ya Dar es Salaam, anaandika Faki Sosi.

Mapema leo asubuhi Lissu alikamatwa na kupelekwa kituoni hapo ambapo ilielezwa kuwa alichukuliwa kwa lengo la kuhojiwa kuhusiana na mkutano aliofanya na waandishi wa habari kuhusu wa kupotea kwa Bernard Saanane.

Ben Saanane alikuwa Msaidizi wa Freeman Mbowe Mwenyekiti wa Chadema Taifa – alipotea ghafla takribani mwezi mmoja sasa na hajulikani alipo huku Lissu akiitisha mkutano na wanahabari tarehe 14 Desemba, 2016 na kuitaka serikali ieleza kama inamshikilia kijana huo au la.

Fredrick Kihweru mmoja kati ya wanasheria wa Chadema akitoa maelezo baada ya mahojiano ya polisi na Lissu kumalizika amesema, “aliitwa kuhojiwa juu ya Press conference aliyofanya na kuzungumzia suala la Saanane lakini pia wamemuhoji anamaanisha nini kumwita Rais John Magufuli jina la “Mtukufu.”

Itakumbukwa kuwa Lissu amekuwa akimtaja Rais Magufuli kama “mtukufu” mara kadhaa tangu aliposhitakiwa kwa kutamka kuwa “Dikteta uchwara anapaswa kupingwa kwa nguvu zote” kesi ambayo bado inaendelea mahakamani.

Wakili Kihweru amesema Lissu amehojiwa pia kuhusu hatua yake ya kuitaka Serikali iseme kama haimshikilii Ben Saanane na pia ieleze juu ya mawasiliano yake ya mwisho ya Ben alifanya na nani, wapi na waliwasiliana nini.

Baada ya mahojiano hayo Lissu ameachiwa kwa dhamana na anaweza kuitwa wakati mwingine atakapohitajika.

JESHI LA POLISI LAIMARISHA ULINZI KUELEKEA SIKUKU YA KRISMASI

Jeshi la polisi limesema limeimarisha ulinzi kuelekea sikukuu za Krismasi na mwaka mpya hili kudhibiti vitendo vya uharifu .

Akizungunza leo, Msemaji wa Jeshi la Polisi, Kamishina Msaidizi wa Jeshi la Polisi, Advera Bulimba amesema jeshi la polisi katika kipindi cha sikukuu kuna watu wanajipanga kufanya uhalifu hivyo jeshi la polisi litafanya doria za kutosha.

Amesema kumbi zote zinazofanya starehe za kupiga mziki ziingize watu kutokana na ukumbi na watakaozidisha watachukuliwa hatua.

Afande Advera amesema wataondesha vyombo vya moto wataobainika wametumia vilevi watachukuliwa kwani nia yao nikutaka kusababisha ajali.

Aidha amesema wazazi wanatakiwa kufanya ulinzi kwa watoto wao kutokana na watoto kupotea katika siku za sikuu na kusababisha vituo vya polisi kuwepo kwa watoto hao.

Hata hivyo amesema wananchi watoe ushirikiano kwa jeshi la polisi pale wanapohisi kuna watu wanaashiria kufanya uhalifu.

Advera amesema kuwa wale ambao watatoa taarifa zikashindwa kutekelezeka wawasiliane na ngazi ya juu ili hatua ziweze kuchukuliwa kwa watu waliofanya uzembe.